核心课程名称
这是最基础的部分,了解这些课程的英文名称是第一步。
| 中文课程名称 | 常用英文翻译 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|
| 学前教育学 | Preschool Education / Early Childhood Education (ECE) | ECE 是更通用、更学术的说法 |
| 儿童发展 | Child Development | 核心课程,有时会细分为: |
| - 婴幼儿发展 | Infant and Toddler Development | |
| - 幼儿发展 | Early Childhood Development | |
| 学前心理学 | Child Psychology / Educational Psychology | Child Psychology 更侧重发展,Educational Psychology 更侧重学习过程 |
| 学前教育课程与教学 | Curriculum and Instruction in Early Childhood | 有时也简称 ECE Curriculum |
| 学前游戏理论 | Play in Early Childhood / Theories of Play | |
| 学前卫生学 | Health and Safety in Early Childhood Settings | |
| 学前儿童语言教育 | Language and Literacy in Early Childhood | Literacy (读写能力) 是现代教育的重点 |
| 学前儿童科学教育 | Science in Early Childhood | |
| 学前儿童艺术教育 | Arts in Early Childhood (包括音乐、美术、戏剧等) | |
| 学前儿童数学教育 | Mathematics in Early Childhood | |
| 幼儿园环境创设 | Creating Early Childhood Environments | |
| 幼儿园管理 | Administration of Early Childhood Programs | |
| 儿童行为观察与评估 | Child Observation and Assessment | |
| 家庭与社区教育 | Family and Community Engagement | |
| 特殊需要儿童教育 | Early Childhood Special Education | |
| 教育研究方法 | Educational Research Methods |
核心理论与人物
学习学前教育,必然会接触到一些经典的理论和奠基人。

| 理论/人物 | 英文名 | 核心概念 |
|---|---|---|
| 皮亚杰的认知发展理论 | Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development | Schema (图式), Assimilation (同化), Accommodation (顺应), Stages of Development (发展阶段) |
| 维果茨基的社会文化理论 | Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory | Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD, 最近发展区), More Knowledgeable Other (MKO, 更有知识的他人), Scaffolding (支架式教学) |
| 埃里克森的心理社会发展理论 | Erikson's Psychosocial Theory | Eight Stages of Psychosocial Development (八个心理社会发展阶段) |
| 弗洛伊德的精神分析理论 | Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory | Id, Ego, Superego (本我、自我、超我), Psychosexual Stages (心理性欲发展阶段) |
| 行为主义理论 | Behaviorism | Operant Conditioning (操作性条件反射), Reinforcement (强化), Punishment (惩罚) |
| 华德福教育 | Waldorf Education | Developed by Rudolf Steiner (由鲁道夫·斯坦纳创立), 强调整体发展、艺术和想象力 |
| 蒙台梭利教育法 | Montessori Method | Developed by Maria Montessori (由玛丽亚·蒙台梭利创立), 强调独立、自由和有准备的环境 |
| 瑞吉欧·艾米利亚教育法 | Reggio Emilia Approach | 强调儿童是富有潜能的、有能力的个体,环境是“第三位老师”,项目式学习 |
教学法与专业术语
这部分是日常教学和学术写作中最高频使用的词汇。
教学法与理念
- Play-based Learning - 以游戏为基础的学习
- Child-centered Learning - 以儿童为中心的学习
- Emergent Curriculum - 生成的课程(根据儿童的兴趣和发展动态生成)
- Project-based Learning (PBL) - 项目式学习
- Inquiry-based Learning - 探究式学习
- Differentiated Instruction - 差异化教学
- Inclusive Education - 全纳教育
- Cooperative Learning - 合作学习
- Learning through Play - 通过游戏学习
环境与材料
- Learning Environment - 学习环境
- Learning Centers / Interest Areas - 学习区 / 兴趣区 (如: Block Area 积木区, Art Area 美术区, Reading Area 阅读区)
- provocations - 启发性材料/布置
- Manipulatives - 操作性材料(如积木、拼图)
- Loose Parts - 低结构材料(如石头、树枝、瓶盖)
- Outdoor Classroom - 户外课堂
- Classroom Setup - 课堂布置
角色与互动
- Early Childhood Educator (ECE) - 学前教育工作者
- Lead Teacher - 主班老师
- Teacher's Assistant (TA) - 助教
- Caregiver / Provider - 照料者
- Parent-Teacher Conference - 家长会
- Positive Guidance - 积极引导(替代传统的“管教”)
- Modeling - 榜样示范
- Scaffolding - 支架式教学
- Active Listening - 积极倾听
评估与发展
- Observation - 观察
- Anecdotal Records - 逸事记录
- Running Records - 连续记录(记录儿童在某一活动中的连续行为)
- Work Samples - 作品样本
- Portfolio - 学习档案袋
- Developmental Assessment - 发展性评估
- Developmental Milestones - 发展里程碑
- Formative Assessment - 形成性评估
- Summative Assessment - 总结性评估
实用例句与表达
描述一个活动
中文: 今天我们进行了“感官探索”活动,孩子们在“米缸”里寻找埋藏的小玩具。
英文: "Today, we conducted a 'Sensory Exploration' activity. The children searched for small toys hidden in a bin of rice in our sensory center."
写观察记录
中文: 观察对象:小明,4岁,活动:积木区,行为:小明尝试用长方形积木搭建一座塔,但搭到第五层时倒塌了,他没有放弃,而是深吸一口气,重新开始,并尝试将底部的积木放得更稳。

英文: "Child: Ming, 4 years old. Area: Block Center. Observation: Ming was attempting to build a tower with rectangular blocks. It collapsed when he reached the fifth level. He did not give up. He took a deep breath, started again, and tried to make the base of his tower more stable."
与家长沟通
中文: 小明妈妈您好,想跟您沟通一下小明最近在语言方面的发展,他今天主动分享了他在周末去公园的经历,能用完整的句子描述,词汇量也增加了。
英文: "Hi, Ming's Mom, I'd like to share with you about Ming's recent language development. He initiated a conversation today about his trip to the park last weekend. He was able to describe his experience in complete sentences, and his vocabulary seems to be expanding."
学习资源推荐
-
专业组织网站:

- NAEYC (National Association for the Education of Young Children): 美国幼儿教育协会,全球最权威的ECE组织之一,网站上有大量英文文章、资源和标准。
- ACEI (Association for Childhood Education International): 国际儿童教育协会。
-
学术期刊:
- Young Children (NAEYC官方杂志)
- Early Childhood Research Quarterly
- Journal of Research in Childhood Education
-
在线课程:
- Coursera / edX: 搜索 "Early Childhood Education",可以找到许多世界名校的免费或付费课程,配有英文字幕。
希望这份详细的梳理对您有帮助!掌握这些专业词汇,将为您打开一扇通往国际化学前教育领域的大门。